[1] This paper offers a concise review of recent progress in neuromorphic computing algorithms and applications. Examining state-of-the-art methodologies, we delve into the underlying principles and highlight diverse applications across domains such as robotics, image and speech recognition, and natural language processing. This synthesis aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners, providing insights into the current landscape and guiding future developments in this rapidly advancing field.
Can Generative AI write a good text?
Recently, many students have been using generative AI such as ChatGPT or Bing Chat. Some people worry about GenAI too much while some people do not care about it at all. Throughout the ENGL355 Public-Facing Project, I want to check does all worries are acceptable.This website surveys students at UTK to find out their perceptions of ChatGPT, one of the GenAIs, by examining whether they use ChatGPT in their writing and why they do or do not use it. In addition, the survey presents texts generated by ChatGPT and texts written by humans to check whether these texts can be distinguished. As a stretch goal, the survey tried to figure out the differences between students who took ENGL 355/357 which are Rhetoric and Writing course taught by Dr. Jeff Ringer or not.
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- Home : Introduce this webpage and the topic of ENGL355 Public-Facing Project.
- Usage : Throughout graphs, show how people use or do not use GenAI in their writing.
- Perception : Show the challenges or limitations of using GenAI and see how many people can correctly match the text's writer.
- Analysis : Analysis of what GenAI can and cannot do in writing using ChatGPT-generated texts.
- Fact Check : Based on the analysis in both survey and text, figure out agreement and disagreement about the perceptions.
- InShort : Summarize overall contents in the webpage.
Graphs
Graphs
Graph 1
Graph 2
Graph 3
Analysis
Analysis
📋Overview
- 5 out of 10 people who responded to the survey prefer to use ChatGPT for writing.
- People who prefer to use GenAI tend to think that GenAI will have a significant impact on their writing, while people who do not prefer to use GenAI tend to believe that GenAI will not have much of an impact on their writing.
- People who use GenAI for writing want to get general ideas or benefit from it as an auxiliary writing tool, such as general ideas, word choice, and rephrase sentences.
- People who don't use GenAI for writing either don't need help from GenAI or aren't satisfied with its performance.
📈Graph 1
- Half of those surveyed preferred to use GenAI for writing.
📈Graph 2
- The metric by which people think GenAI impacted their writing is roughly evenly distributed. The average score was 3.2.
📈Graph 3
- Those who prefer to use GenAI for writing greatly appreciate its impact.
✔What is the primary reason for using GenAI?
- To get a general idea or word references
- To find synonyms and think of different ways to phrase sentences
- To get an assist of grammar or form
- Outline, Synonyms, Dividing Paragraphs, Grammar Checker, Citation Help
❌What is the primary reason for NOT using GenAI?
- Prefer Grammarly
- Prefer certain writing style
- Difficult to get it work the way I want
- No desire to use it
- Do not want to rely on it
Graphs
Graphs
Graph 1 - The text is from ChatGPT
Graph 2 - The text is from Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (Chapter 15)
Graph 3 - The text is from The War in the East: Japan, China, and Corea by Trumbull White (p375)
Graph 4 - The text is from ChatGPT
Analysis
Analysis
📋Overview
- Typical reasons why people are reluctant to use ChatGPT include Word Choice, Difficulty of writing prompts, and poor results of ChatGPT.
- People tend to pay attention to word choice, connections between sentences, and point of view when distinguishing whether a text was written by a person or ChatGPT.
- Graph 1 shows that a good prompt can help ChatGPT produce quality writing.
- Graphs 2 and 3 show that even if the writing is written by a person, from the reader's perspective, if the sentence connection is awkward or the choice of words is strange, it makes readers feel the text is written by ChatGPT.
- Graph 4 shows that ChatGPT may still be lacking in writing texts using natural sentence connection.
❌Challenges or Limitations of using GenAI
- Word Choice
- Sometimes it provides non-professional vocabulary
- Sometimes it provides too formal
- Mismatch the tone
- Prompt
- Need to be specific and precise with prompt
- Does not fully understand the prompt
- Repetitive
- Answer in the same context is given even if the prompt changed
- Difficult to get diverse answers
✔Decision of Human-Writing vs ChatGPT-generated
- What People consider to determining writer
- Vocabulary, Tone, and Format
- Sentence Structure
- Point of View
- People think ChatGPT...
- Use more descriptive word
- Use creative flow and narration
- Use choppy or changed direction
- Do NOT use Semi-colon
- Create boring texts
- People expect Human writers...
- Use smooth flow
- Use good structure of introduction, elaboration, and conclusion
📈Graph 1
- This text was designed to see how much help ChatGPT can provide when writing informative text such as research reports, especially when writing abstracts.
- The correct answer rate for the first problem was 20%, the lowest among the four problems.
📈Graph 2
[2] “My heart beat quick; this was the hour and moment of trial, which would decide my hopes or realise my fears. The servants were gone to a neighbouring fair. All was silent in and around the cottage; it was an excellent opportunity; yet, when I proceeded to execute my plan, my limbs failed me and I sank to the ground. Again I rose, and exerting all the firmness of which I was master, removed the planks which I had placed before my hovel to conceal my retreat. The fresh air revived me, and with renewed determination I approached the door of their cottage.
- This text sought to determine whether readers could determine narrative text written in an unfamiliar way was human-written.
- Unfamiliar sentences caused unnaturalness, which led only 40% of people to believe that the text was written by a person.
📈Graph 3
[3] Occupying about the same latitude as Italy, Corea is also, like Italy, hemmed in on the north by mountain ranges, and traversed from north to south by another chain. The whole peninsula is very mountainous, some of the peaks rising to a height of eight thousand feet.
The climate of the country is excellent, bracing in the north, with the south tempered by the ocean breezes in summer. The winters in the north are colder than those of American states in the same latitude, and the summers are hotter. The heat is tempered by sea breezes, but in the narrow enclosed valleys it becomes very intense. The Han is frozen at Seoul for three months in the year, sufficiently to be used as a cart road, while the Tumen is usually frozen for five months.
- This text was written by a person and is quoted in the sense that it takes the form of a general essay.
- Although 50% of respondents identified that this post was written by a human, the remaining 50% guessed that it was generated by ChatGPT based on the unnaturalness of the text.
📈Graph 4
[4] The Civil War, spanning 1861-1865, was a defining chapter in American history. Rooted in sectional tensions over slavery and states' rights, it culminated in a devastating conflict between the Union and the Confederacy. Battles like Gettysburg and Antietam left indelible marks on the nation's psyche. President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation transformed the war's purpose, making the abolition of slavery a central goal. The war's aftermath witnessed the struggle for Reconstruction and the challenge of rebuilding a fractured nation. The Civil War's impact echoes through time, shaping the trajectory of American society and politics, and underscoring the enduring struggle for justice and unity.
- This text was written to understand how much ChatGPT can help people write their essay.
- I asked ChatGPT to write a 100-word essay on the topic of the Civil War, and it was quite well structured.
- However, 70% of people who noticed some of the unnaturalness of this post successfully guessed that it was written by ChatGPT.
A Long Essay
A long essay was written by ChatGPT-3.5 using a narrative approach to write a text explaining a spiking neural network(SNN) targeting non-computer science majors.
Organized Structure
The long essay consists of four chapters explaining SNN, two chapters on how SNN is used and how SNN can be improved, and a chapter summarizing the overall stories. By placing good content at the right length and location, readers would get interested in the text.The conclusion summarizes the content of the text, resolves the reader’s interest drawn from the introduction simultaneously, and solidifies the author’s argument.
Metaphor
Using metaphor can help most readers to imagine easily. Considering that a neural network is not a concept that can be easily understood by both communities of computer science majors and noncomputer science majors, it is quite commendable that the AI-generated text was written using this metaphor.However, this essay tends to overuse metaphors. Consistent metaphors can increase immersion in the text, but trying to force metaphors related to the orchestra into every chapter somewhat weakens the text’s ability to convey information.
Listing
Numbering in the text helps readers' visibility and understanding easier than a text without it. This shows how ChatGPT used the narrative approach in the text.Lack of Credibility
The essay simply lists information about traditional artificial neural networks and spiking artificial neural networks, but it is difficult for readers to get information about how they work and the differences between the two. The lack of information could reduce the credibility of the essay.In addition, the lack of references reduces the credibility of the essay.
Short Essays
Short essays are from Graphs 1 to 4 in the Perception tab
GenAI with Detailed Prompt
20% of respondents guessed correctly
Detailed prompts helped write informative text such as research abstracts using ChatGPT. If the prompt talk more about the research, it seems like it will be able to make more people think the text was written by ChatGPT.Human-Writing with Unfamiliar Form
40% of respondents guessed correctly
Even if the text is written by a person, if the format is unfamiliar, it may feel unnatural and be difficult to distinguish from text written by GenAI. Creative flow and narration led people think it was written by GenAI. Nevertheless, in the case of the text, there was an opinion that the use of semicolons showed humanity.
Human-Writing with Unnatural Sentence Connection
50% of respondents guessed correctly
This text illustrates the general form of an essay. 50% of respondents thought it was written by ChatGPT because a lot of descriptive words were used in the text. The word choice and diction of the text sounded unnatural to the respondents.GenAI in Historical Essay
70% of respondents guessed correctly
It was expected that ChatGPT would write a better text with a historical topic but 70% of the respondents noticed that the text was written by ChatGPT.The exact reason is not revealed, but as in the previous case, unnatural word choice appears to be the biggest cause.
Perception 1
GenAI can help to get a general ideas.
Perception 2
GenAI can help on word choice, rephrase, and form.
Perception 3
It is hard to set prompt to get a good answer from GenAI.
Additionally, ChatGPT was overly obsessed with the prompt to use metaphors and overused metaphors in all sections, degrading the quality of the writing.
Generative AI could be a good writing assistant.
Both the survey through Google form and the analysis of essays written by ChatGPT show that GenAI can provide great assistance in writing, but it is difficult to show a level that can replace writers. When using GenAI such as ChatGPT, the user's capabilities greatly affect the results. In other words, the more you know, the better you can use it.Unfortunately, we were unable to find any significant differences in the statistical analysis results between students taking ENGL 355/357 and those who did not. The exact reason is not clear, but it seems to be because there is not much difference in the students' perspectives on writing.
The difference in the level of ChatGPT-generated text contributes to the difference in people's perception of ChatGPT. Some of the texts written by ChatGPT seem to leave something to be desired in ChatGPT's word choice, as people say. However, other writings, unlike what people say, show such good word choice that it makes people question whether they were written by ChatGPT. Technology develops rapidly, but people's perceptions cannot keep up with the pace. Therefore, it was difficult to conclude that certain perceptions from different people were right or wrong.